History of Hydropower Development in Arunachal Pradesh

Arunachal Pradesh's journey in hydropower development began in the early decades after India's independence, when the Central Water Commission and the Brahmaputra Board conducted preliminary surveys of the state's vast river systems. The rivers of Arunachal Pradesh — originating from the eastern Himalayas — were identified as possessing enormous hydroelectric potential.

The formal establishment of a dedicated department for hydropower came as the state recognized the strategic importance of its water resources. Over the decades, the department has evolved from a small coordination unit to a full-fledged administrative and technical body overseeing projects worth thousands of crores.

Early Developments (1970s–1990s)

• Preliminary surveys conducted by the Brahmaputra Board and Central Water Commission
• Identification of major river basins: Kameng, Subansiri, Siang, and Dibang-Lohit-Tirap
• First small hydropower stations commissioned for local electrification
• Creation of a dedicated wing under the Power Department for hydropower coordination

Growth Phase (2000s–2010s)

• Arunachal Pradesh Hydropower Policy introduced, enabling private sector participation
• Multiple MoUs signed with CPSUs and IPPs for projects totaling over 40,000 MW
• Construction commenced on landmark projects including Subansiri Lower (2,000 MW) and Kameng (600 MW)
• Department elevated to a full department with dedicated Secretary and technical staff

Present Era (2020s)

• Focus on fast-tracking stalled projects and ensuring environmental compliance
• Renewed emphasis on the Upper Siang project (11,000 MW) as a national priority
• Strengthened project monitoring through digital dashboards and regular reviews
• Push for small and mini hydro projects to serve remote and off-grid communities